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  Terms and Conditions

Terms and Conditions of Share Trading Account

These terms and conditions apply to Your share trading account with Sanford Securities Limited ACN 076 515 930 of Level 6, 225 St George's Terrace, Perth, Western Australia in relation to the provision of stock broking and other services as offered by Sanford Securities Limited from time to time.

1.0 DEFINITIONS

In these terms and conditions:
"ASIC" means the Australian Securities & Investments Commission;
"ASX" means the Australian Stock Exchange Limited ACN 008 624 691;
"CHESS Holding" means an uncertificated holding of securities on a subregister for that class of securities maintained by SCH;
"Sanford" means Sanford Securities Limited ACN 076 515 930 of Level 6, 225 St George's Terrace, Perth, Western Australia, a member of the ASX and a licensed securities dealer;
"Sanford Site" means the internet web site www.sanford.com.au;
"SCH" means the ASX Settlement and Transfer Corporation Pty Ltd ACN 008 504 332 as approved as the Securities Clearing House under the Corporations Law;
"STP" means straight through processing, which refers to the automated processing of a securities trade through the Stock Exchange Automated Trading System (SEATS), without any manual intervention or duplicate processing;
"You" means the person, persons or company that opened a share trading account with Sanford; and
"Your Account" means the share trading account opened by You with Sanford.

2.0 GENERAL
2.1

These terms and conditions apply to all dealings between You and Sanford and are subject to the Corporations Law, the Articles, Business Rules, procedures, customs, usages and practises of the ASX and the SCH as amended from time to time.

2.2

Each dealing is also subject to the terms of the relevant Contract Note issued by Sanford, subject to correction of errors and omissions, and the usual trading guidelines and policies of Sanford.

2.3

Each dealing conducted at the Sanford Site is also subject to Sanford's Internet Trading Rules set out at the Sanford Site at the time of dealing, as amended from time to time.

2.4

If You are more then one person, then all persons are jointly and severally bound by these terms and conditions.

2.5

You acknowledge that Sanford reserves the right to refuse any application to open a share trading account in Sanford's absolute discretion.

2.6

You acknowledge that Sanford reserves the right to terminate or suspend Your Account at any time without any reason whatsoever and without prior notice.

2.7

You agree to enter into a CHESS or Broker Sponsorship Agreement with Sanford.

2.8

You agree to open a cash management account as approved by Sanford from time to time. You agree that Sanford is irrevocably authorised by You to operate this account (including withdrawal of monies) on Your behalf to meet Your obligations under these terms and conditions. You agree that no person (including Yourself) other than Sanford may instruct the bank or financial institution to withdraw monies from Your cash management account. You acknowledge that Your cash management account is subject to such fees and charges charged by the bank or the financial institution from time to time. You also agree that all proceeds of Your "Sell" orders are to be paid into this account or any bank account nominated and authorised by You in writing from time to time.

3.0 SECURITY IDENTIFICATIONS
3.1

3.1 Sanford will provide You with a confidential password, username, PIN and keyword (collectively, "Logon ID") in order that You may identify Yourself when giving instructions to Sanford.

3.2

Sanford may provide You (including each and every person if there is more then one of You) and each authorised representative for Your Account with an individual password, username, PIN or keyword, or a combination of any of these (collectively, "Individual Logon ID").

3.3

You and Your authorised representative(s) are solely responsible for the confidentiality and use of Your Logon ID and Individual Logon ID. You will notify Sanford immediately if You become aware of any loss or theft or unauthorised use of Your Logon ID or any Individual Logon ID or any part thereof. After such notification Sanford shall as soon as reasonably possible disable access to Your Account for such Logon ID or Individual Logon ID and shall issue a replacement Logon ID or Individual Logon ID accordingly.

3.4

Sanford is entitled to assume that any instruction received containing all or any part of the Logon ID or Individual ID originates from You or the authorised representative to whom the Logon ID or Individual ID is assigned and that such instruction is a valid instruction. Sanford is not obliged to inquire into the validity of any such instruction received.

3.5

Sanford deems that the person using an Individual Logon ID or any part of it when giving instructions is the person to whom the Individual Logon ID is assigned to.

4.0 YOUR REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES
4.1

4.1 You warrant that all information provided by You on Your application to open a share trading account with Sanford or such other information provided by You from time to time, is accurate and complete, and that Sanford may rely on the information provided by You. You will notify Sanford in writing within two (2) business days of any change in the information provided by You. Sanford shall update such information on our records as soon as reasonably possible.

4.2

You acknowledge that:

(a)

Sanford provides an execution-only service and does not give any advice or recommendation in relation to Your dealings;

(b)

Sanford does not act on a discretionary basis on your behalf;

(c)

You rely on Your own judgement, assessment or evaluation in view of Your financial situation, investment objectives and particular needs before placing any order with Sanford to buy or sell any securities or giving any other instruction.

4.3

If You are a trustee or an agent, You are bound by these terms and conditions as a trustee or an agent, and personally. If You are a corporation, the directors are also bound by these terms and conditions.

4.4

You warrant that You have the power and the authority to agree to these terms and conditions, and to carry out Your obligations under them. If You are a corporation, You warrant that You hold a valid ACN or ARBN.

4.5

You warrant that You are and at all times will be in a position to meet all the commitments of Your dealings with Sanford.

5.0 INSTRUCTIONS
5.1

Sanford reserves the right at all times to decline to act on Your behalf in relation to any particular dealing or decline to accept Your instructions without giving any reason or explanation or prior notice.

5.2

Without limitation to condition 5.1 Sanford reserves the right decline to act on Your behalf or accept Your instructions:

(a)

unless You have deposited in advance with Sanford sufficient cleared funds in Australian currency to cover the full value and costs of any "Buy" orders and when such funds are through a foreign financial institution, by way of telegraphic transfer only;

(b)

unless You have sufficient CHESS Holdings sponsored by Sanford to meet the obligations arising from any "Sell" orders;

(c)

where the original instruction is more than one calendar month old;

(d)

where the security or other investment medium has been subject to a trading halt and You have not reconfirmed Your instruction after the halt has been lifted; or

(e)

where Your instructions are believed by Sanford to be unclear, ambiguous or incomplete.

5.3

You authorise Sanford to accept instructions on Your behalf from Your authorised representative(s) and You confirm that Your authorised representative has the power to do the following in Your name and on Your behalf from time to time:

(a)

to give instructions to Sanford relating to Your Account;

(b)

to acquire, buy, deal with and dispose of any securities;

(c)

to pay or receive payment for any securities transactions and related expenses and to give good receipt and discharge for the securities, proceeds and other monies;

(d)

to execute all necessary or proper contracts and other documents for the custody, dealing and transfer of securities and related matters; and

(e)

to exercise all rights and privileges and perform all duties and obligations which may now or in future apply to You as a holder of securities.

5.4

You agree to ratify and confirm all actions carried out by Sanford on the instructions of Your authorised representative(s).

5.5

When You are more then one person, Sanford may accept instructions from one or more of You on behalf of all of You.

5.6

You agree that all risk and liability for any unauthorised instructions or fraud lies with You alone and that You will indemnify Sanford from all loss, costs and expenses arising from such unauthorised instruction or fraud.

5.7

Sanford has the right to request written confirmation of instructions before acting on any instructions from You or Your authorised representative(s).

5.8

Sanford may assume the authenticity of any instructions given or purportedly given orally, in writing or by electronic means (including any electronic instructions which include all or any part of Your Logon ID or Individual Logon ID) by You or Your authorised representative(s), or that any person claiming to be Your authorised representative is in fact that person. Sanford is not obliged to enquire into any of the matters mentioned in this condition and You authorise Sanford to act upon such instructions believed by Sanford to be authentic.

5.9

Sanford will use its best endeavors to execute Your instructions or orders accepted by Sanford, but Sanford will not guarantee that Your instructions will be wholly or partially executed or will be executed by a certain time.

5.10

You acknowledge that Your orders may be purged from the market subject to the Articles, Business Rules, procedures, customs, usages and practises of the ASX without notice to You. You further acknowledge that Sanford is not obliged to notify You of any orders which are purged from the market, although Sanford will make all reasonable endeavors to notify You of such. Sanford is not liable if You do not receive notification in this regard. An order that is cancelled or purged by the ASX will not be reinstated by Sanford without instructions from You.

5.11

You authorise and appoint Sanford, each of its directors and employees as Your attorney to enter into any contract or agreement with another party on Your behalf upon receiving Your instructions (such instructions may be given by You electronically and accepted by Sanford in accordance with clause 5.9) to do so. You acknowledge that all liability for such contracts are Yours alone. You will indemnify Sanford against all loss, expense or any other liability in relation to such contracts or agreements.

5.12

You authorise Sanford to record any telephone communications between Yourself, Your authorised representative(s) and Sanford, with or without an audible tone-warning device.

5.13

In case of dispute, Sanford's records of electronic or telephone communications or facsimile transmission shall be conclusive evidence of the details of the communications by electronic mail, internet, telephone or facsimile (as the case may be) between You and Sanford.

6.0 STRAIGHT THROUGH PROCESSING
6.1

Sanford has provided You with access to STP.

6.2

You acknowledge the following in relation to Your access to STP:

(a)

any orders placed by You using STP will need to meet filters set by Sanford from time to time. Sanford may amend its filters from time to time without notification. Sanford is not required to inform You what the filters are;

(b)

that it is possible for an order placed by You to be matched with another order also placed by Sanford. This 'crossing' may be with an order by another client of Sanford or by Sanford itself. Sanford may as a result receive brokerage from both clients;

(c)

that STP is only available on 'limit' orders for securities with a normal status (i.e. not suspended or in a trading halt) and is operated between the hours of 9:30 am and 4:00 p.m. Australian Eastern Standard Time;

(d)

if Your order does not pass the filters, then it will be referred to a Designated Trading Representative ("DTR") for evaluation. In some cases the DTR has the authority not to place the order on market until You become contactable to confirm the order. Sanford is not liable for any delays in placing Your order as a result or for Your order not being placed at all; and

(e)

that the Stock Exchange Automated Trading System ("SEATS") operating schedule defines the various phases of SEATS and at what time they happen. You are aware that an important point is the Opening phase, in which the market opening times are staggered depending on the starting letter of the ASX code. SEATS will not allow input of orders during these opening times. The schedule below approximately describes these various phases.

6.3

You acknowledge that Sanford, as trading participant, must ensure the conduct of an orderly market and prevent manipulative trading, including insider trading, false trading, market rigging and suspect transactions. Therefore in utilising STP You should realise that an order may be scrutinized by both the filters and a DTR.

6.4

You acknowledge that Sanford is required to prevent a bid, offer or dealing if any client intends to create, or taking into account the circumstances of the order, Sanford reasonably suspects that the client has placed the order with the intention of creating a false or misleading appearance of active trading in any securities or with respect to the market for, or the price of any securities, or market rigging or manipulation or suspect transactions.

6.5

Sanford reserves the right to terminate Your access to STP at anytime in Sanford's absolute discretion.

7.0 PAYMENTS AND INDEMNITY
7.1

You will pay Sanford brokerage fees and charges as specified by Sanford from time to time; and reimburse Sanford for any fees, taxes, consumption or value-added tax, stamp duty or any other charges levied in relation to each transaction. Sanford reserves the right to vary such fees and charges, and method of charging, at any time and without prior notice.

7.2

If the goods and services tax ("GST") has application to any supply made by Sanford under or in connection with Your Account with Sanford under these terms and conditions, Sanford will in addition to any amount or consideration payable under these terms and conditions, recover from You an additional amount on account of the applicable GST.

7.3

You agree that Sanford may receive commissions from the issuers of securities or from any other party arising from Your use of Your Account and Sanford is not obliged to rebate these commissions to You.

7.4

You acknowledge that Your order may be matched with an order or orders of another client of Sanford. If this occurs You agree that Sanford may receive brokerage from both parties to the trade.

7.5

You irrevocably authorise Sanford to appropriate any payments, remittances or receipts from You or for Your Account in such manner and order of priority as Sanford deems fit against any amounts owing by You to Sanford or a related entity of Sanford.

7.6

You will indemnify Sanford, its directors and employees against all actions, claims, demands and proceedings, expenses and losses incurred, (including legal costs on a solicitor and client basis) directly or indirectly incurred by Sanford as a result of undertaking or executing Your instructions or orders or any failure by You to comply with this Agreement, the Corporations Law, the ASX Business Rules, the SCH Business Rules, and the customs, procedures, usages or practises of the ASX, or Your use of Your Account with Sanford.

8.0 FAILURE TO SETTLE
8.1

If You fail to settle by settlement date for any transaction arising from Your instructions, You agree to pay to Sanford on demand interest on any outstanding amount arising from the failure at rate equal to 5% above the National Australia Bank Overdraft Index rate calculated daily from the due date to the date of payment. You also agree to pay any fail fees arising from the failure to settle.

8.2

If by the settlement date, You have not made full payments for Your purchases or good delivery for Your sales, and a demand in accordance with ASX Business Rule 3.6.2 has been made, then You authorise Sanford to sell or buy back on Your behalf at Your risk and expense (including without limitation, brokerage, stamp duty and other costs), any securities that are the subject of the Contract Note or any securities outstanding in Your Account or any of Your securities in Sanford's control or possession and apply the proceeds in reduction of Your liability to Sanford AND You irrevocably authorise Sanford, each of its directors and employees as Your attorney to give instructions accordingly.



9.0 OTHER AUTHORITIES
9.1

You authorise Sanford to provide information about You to any of its related entities and their respective officers and employees.

9.2

You authorise Sanford to provide information about You and Your transactions to ASX, SCH and ASIC as required by any of them from time to time.

9.3

You authorise Sanford to provide relevant information about You to a credit-reporting agency in relation to the establishment of Your Account and in relation to the recovery of any overdue payments.

10.0 LIABILITY
10.1

You acknowledge that the systems used in the market or at Sanford are vulnerable to disruptions or failure, which may result in Your order not being executed or delayed according to Your instructions. You release Sanford from any loss, damage or liability that You may suffer or incur by reason of or in connection with any such disruption or failure.

10.2

To the maximum extent permitted by law, You acknowledge that Sanford will not be liable to You or anyone else for any loss or damage, whether direct or indirect, special, incidental or consequential or economic (including loss of profits), whether or not Sanford knew or could have known of the possibility of such damage, where that damage arises from:

(a)

delay, interruption, omission, failure, error or fault in the execution of Your instructions (including negligence);

(b)

delay in the execution of Your instructions arising from a review of Your instructions by Sanford;

(c)

any error, omissions, non-receipt or invalidity in Your instructions;

(d)

any fault, error, defect or engineering of the Sanford Site or our computer systems, or any delay, fault, failure in or loss of access to the Sanford Site; and

(e)

any cause beyond the reasonable control of Sanford, including but not limited to, failure of electronic or mechanical equipment or communication lines, unauthorised access or labour problems.

10.3

Nothing in sub-clauses 10.1 and 10.2 shall exclude any implied condition or warranty the exclusion of which would contravene any statute or cause any part of these terms and conditions to be void or invalid.

10.4

To the maximum extent that liability can be limited, You agree that Sanford's liability is limited to the cost of resupplying its services.

11.0 VARIATION AND TERMINATION
11.1

You may terminate Your Account by giving not less than five (5) business days written notice to Sanford, subject to all outstanding obligations being duly discharged.

11.2

Sanford may terminate Your Account at any time and without prior notice, subject to all outstanding obligations being fully discharged.

11.3

Sanford may vary these terms and conditions by giving You not less than five (5) business days notice (in writing or by electronic mail). Any continued use by You of Your Account and its services is an acceptance of the variation.

12.0 NOTICE
12.1

Any notice given or demand made by Sanford may be made personally, by facsimile, by pre-paid letter or by electronic mail to Your last notified address, facsimile number or electronic mail address as the case may be. Such notice or demand shall be deemed to have been received by You on the same day of transmission if sent by facsimile, electronic mail or personal delivery; or on the business day following posting in the case of pre-paid letter.

12.2

Sanford at its discretion may send any Contract Note in relation to any transaction on Your behalf by:

(a)

pre-paid post to Your last notified address. Such Contract Note shall be deemed to have been received on the business day following posting; or

(b)

electronic mail, facsimile transmission or electronic data interchange (including over the World Wide Web) to Your last notified electronic mail address or facsimile number when such address or number is provided by You. You acknowledge that You consent to receiving Your Contract Notes by such electronic communication. You further acknowledge that the conditions set out in ASX Business Rules 3.8(2A)(i), (ii) & (iii) apply to such Contract Notes. Any Contract Note sent to You by such electronic communication shall be deemed to be received on the day it was sent.

13.0 ARBITRATION
13.1

13.1 Any disputes between You and Sanford will be arbitrated by ASX whose decision will be final and binding on the parties.

14.0 APPLICABLE LAW
14.1

This Agreement is subject to the laws of the State of Western Australia, and the parties agree to submit to the non-exclusive jurisdiction of the courts of Western Australia, but Sanford may commence proceedings in another competent jurisdiction.

Time Market Phase Notes
9:30 to 10:00 am Pre-opening SEATS allows the entry of bids/offers; order amendments; order cancellations; ticking of orders; reporting of off market trades; trade cancellations. SEATS does not execute trades automatically during pre-opening.
Approx 10:00 am to 10:09 am Opening SEATS opening times are staggered depending on the starting letter of the ASX code for the security. SEATS does not allow the input of orders during the opening, whether for the market as a whole, or for an individual security.
Group Opening Time Codes
1 10:00:00 am A - B
2 10:02:15 am C - F
3 10:04:30 am G - M
4 10:06:45 am N - R
5 10:09:00 am S - Z
Approx 10:09 am to 4:00 pm Normal trading SEATS allows the input of bids/offers; order amendments; order cancellations; ticking of orders; enquiries; input of trades; trade cancellations. SEATS executes trades automatically during normal trading.
4:00 pm End of trading The market is placed into an enquiry-only mode to allow for system processing or closing. This may last for a few seconds to a few minutes.


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Page compiled at 03:40:18 pm, Friday, 15 December 2000 AEST
Copyright © 2000 Sanford Securities Limited. All rights reserved.
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